Showing posts with label writer. Show all posts
Showing posts with label writer. Show all posts

Saturday, November 05, 2011

Mr. Dawkins, why was Darwin right? – Richard Dawkins

Richard Dawkins, the world's most famous atheist and author of numerous best-selling books, decided to abandon the enlightenment of adults, and with his new book “The Magic of Reality: How We Know What's Really True” he focuses on 5-year-olds, claiming that they have to learn the theory of evolution along with their first letters. 

Richard Dawkins is no longer satisfied with his books that challenge the existence of God and which are sold in millions of copies, or with the fact that “liberal” media is placing him among the stars and call him “the most famous atheist in the world”. He is also no longer interested in suing Pope Benedict XVI for "crimes against humanity", because of alleged covering up of sexual abuses in the Catholic Church. Dawkins now has a new target audience, which he wants win and teach them how religion is bad – the kids, preschool kids. 

Richard Dawkins, great intellectual, evolutionary biologist, writer and professor at Oxford University, has recently published his latest book “The Magic of Reality: How We Know What's Really True”, aimed primarily at preschool children. In just as short period, this book raised more dust – and more calls for a ban – than his best-sellers like “The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe without Design” (in which he challenged the theory that any invention must have its inventor, and which served to believers as a great analogy and key evidence for the existence of the Almighty),  or The God Delusion (in which he brings many proofs that there is no God that supposedly governs our lives).

Dawkins says that he was annoyed because the opponents Darwin's theory of evolution are occupying too much space in the media, especially in the United States, where nominated Republican candidates for the next presidential elections are regularly competing who will more effectively end successfully challenge the thesis that man has evolved from apes.

Therefore, this scientist concluded that children have to get lessons regarding basic principles of evolution already during kindergarten. And especially in the first grade.

No educated person believes the Adam and Eve myth nowadays, but it is surprising how many parents think that it is somehow fun to pass on this falsehood (and others in the same vein) to their children. Evolution is a truly satisfying and complete explanation of existence, and I suspect that this is something a child can appreciate from an early age. But I would want to argue that the truth of evolution is more interesting and more poetic — even more fun — than this myth, or any of the hundreds of creation myths from around the world. And — perhaps surprisingly — evolution could be taught in such a way as to make it easier to understand than a myth. This is because myths leave the child’s questions unanswered, or they raise more questions than they appear to answer.” – said Dawkins

The book begins with a dedication to Dawkins’ father, John Dawkins, who died last year at the age of 95.

I learned from my father that we need continual reconsideration, skepticism, search for evidence and understanding in order to comprehend what evidence is” – says Dawkins.

Dawkins has actually inherited faith from his father. Although he claims that he had already, at the age of nine, started questioning the existence of God, he says that he was persuaded into it, and that is why he, at that age, wholeheartedly accepted Christianity. However, in his teenage years he concluded that the theory of evolution is a much better explanation for the complexity of life and he ceased to believe in God.

From there, through education at Oxford and the first professorial job at Berkeley, to what his opponents call "militant atheism", it didn’t take long.

Like computer viruses, successful mind viruses will tend to be hard for their victims to detect. If you are the victim of one, the chances are that you won't know it, and may even vigorously deny it. The patient typically finds himself impelled by some deep, inner conviction that something is true, or right, or virtuous: a conviction that doesn't seem to owe anything to evidence or reason, but which, nevertheless, he feels as totally compelling and convincing. We doctors refer to such a belief as ``faith.''” – Dawkins wrote in his famous essay “Viruses of the Mind”.

He is convinced that if there was no organized religion, the terrorist attacks from 11 September 2001 wouldn’t occurred. The critics say that when he publicly said that, he became dangerous opponent of religion. And not only Christian, but all the others.

Many of us saw religion as harmless nonsense. Beliefs might lack all supporting evidence but, we thought, if people needed a crutch for consolation, where's the harm? September 11th changed all that. – says Dawkins. “Revealed faith is not harmless nonsense, it can be lethally dangerous nonsense. Dangerous because it gives people unshakeable confidence in their own righteousness. Dangerous because it gives them false courage to kill themselves, which automatically removes normal barriers to killing others. Dangerous because it teaches enmity to others labeled only by a difference of inherited tradition. And dangerous because we have all bought into a weird respect, which uniquely protects religion from normal criticism. Let's now stop being so damned respectful!

His works are controversial – and the word “controversial” is even an understatement. A large number of Christians - especially educated ones – found it necessary to slap him in his face regarding how wrong he is. Oxford theologian Alister McGrath (author of The Dawkins Delusion and Dawkins' God) claims that Dawkins has no knowledge of Christian theology, and therefore, he can’t possibly intelligently reflect upon religion and faith.

Dawkins immediately fired back:

Do you have to read up on leprechology before disbelieving in leprechauns?"

In 2007, Dawkins had, similarly to the associations of homosexuals who organize parades and insist that people should "get out of the closet" and admit they are gay, founded the "Out Campaign" to encourage as many people around the world as possible to publicly say that they are atheists. According to his opinion, this may well change the mindset of most people – and further, the mindset of Richard’s atheists – who will once again think about their faith.

The biggest "excursion to the mainstream," other than his written word, Dawkins had in 2008. Then, he was one of the first people who supported the first atheist initiative in UK, called the “Atheist Bus Campaign”.

Guardian journalist Ariane Sherine and her colleagues from the "British Humanist Association" decided to raise money in order to place atheist adverts on buses in the London area.

On January 2009, across Britain appeared buses with the message: "There's probably no God. Now stop worrying and enjoy your life."


On one occasion he agreed to answer questions from readers of reputable newspaper "Independent". On that occasion, he spoke for the first time about children’s education from the perspective of religion.

Do you consider parents forcing children to accept their religion a form of child abuse?- asked  reader James Macdonald.

Dawkins answered:

Yes. What would you think of parents who forced their children to accept their politics, or their taste in architecture? Have you ever heard anyone speak of a "Leninist child" or a "Postmodernist child"? Of course not. Why, then, do we all go along with "Christian child" and "Muslim child"? Such labeling of children with their parents' religion is child abuse.

Dawkins has a solution and for adults:

People who would laugh at the idea that a pumpkin could turn into a coach, and who know perfectly well that silk handkerchiefs don’t really turn into rabbits, are quite happy to believe that a prophet turned water into wine or, as devotees of another religion would have it, flew to heaven on a winged horse.

“Without contraception, we will starve”

Besides God and gods, Dawkins is opposed to all those who do not want to think about family planning and control of world’s population. In his book “The Selfish Gene”, he gives the example of Latin America, where the population doubles every few decades. He didn’t of course miss the chance to mention Catholics because their church clearly opposes contraception.

... leaders who forbid their followers to use effective contraceptive methods ... express a preference for "natural" methods of population limitation, and a natural method is exactly what they are going to get. It is called starvation.
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Sunday, October 09, 2011

From a Groom to an Emperor – Part IV – Basil the Noble.

Basil I the Macedonian (867-886) showed during his two decades of reign that he was worthy of the crown of the Byzantine emperor. With skillful and prudent policy, both internal and external, he had greatly improved the Empire. 


In order to somewhat mitigate Basil’s dark and violent rise to the throne of Constantinople, his descendant – son Leo VI the Wise (886-912) and grandson Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos (912-959) – and almost the entire official historiography of the Macedonian dynasty with them, reached for fictional genealogy. 

In Basil, on one hand, they saw a distant descendant of Arsacid, known Parthian royal house that was in the 3rd century BC founded by Arsaces I, and later, with kindred, connected to Persian Sassanid Empire, as well as young Armenian state. From his mother’s side, Basil was allegedly associated with Constantine the Great, and by some with Alexander the Great. 

It is interesting to note that the later Byzantine writers have, in different ways, accepted these incredible assumptions. For example, in the 11th century, John Skylitzes gives them, without any intellectual doubt, an unconditional trust. Unlike Skylitzes, John Zonaras (first half of the 12th century) dismisses the whole story of Basil’s ancient nobility and notes that the founder of the Macedonian dynasty comes from Macedonia, from insignificant and unknown fathers, regardless the fact that some of those who wrote about him made up that he was a descendant of Arsacid.

Another legend, that sounds tempting but suffers from a lack of historical credibility, contributes to a new mystery around Basil I the Macedonian. It is a famous word BECLAS, an acronym of Basil’s closest family -  in the first place Basil himself, then his wife Eudokia, and, finally, his sons Constantine, Leo, Alexander and Stephen. This acrostic is recorded by Patriarch Photius (858-867, 877-886) who wrote many stories about Basil’s “nobility”. 

As written by the Byzantine writer Niketas David Paphlagon, the genealogy of the founder of Macedonian dynasty was put together by Photius, who, with the help of some priest, wrote a great number of lies with Alexandrian literate on the oldest paper, to imitate an ancient manuscript.  He then put an ancient cover on it that he took from some ancient book, and secretly placed his work among other books in the royal library.

Leaving aside the veracity of this interesting story by Niketas David Paphlagon, it is probably possible that the Byzantines themselves were well aware that genealogy could be forged, and that many of them are indeed forged.

Invention of legends is not typical just for Byzantine Empire, but also for a number of other states of the medieval world. Furthermore, it is not exaggeration if we say that false genealogies are being created even in our time. Unfortunately, a great number of people is blindly convinced in such forged genealogies.

Whatever the case, the assumption that Basil I the Macedonian, man who was capable and discerning enough to become emperor from a groom, was not familiar with the compilation of "fabricated" genealogy that celebrates antiquity of his imperial home, seems unlikely.


To return to Part III – „The one who sleeps beside”, click HERE.

To return to Part I – A boy named Basil, click HERE.
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Sunday, October 02, 2011

Despised poetry - Oscar Wilde

One could say that the British writer Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) was not a big fan of Alexander Pope’s (1688-1744) poetry, despite the fact that Pope was an eminent English poet.

On one occasion, Wilde wrote:

There are two ways of disliking poetry; one way is to dislike it, the other is to read Pope.”

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Tuesday, September 06, 2011

Ashes - D. H. Lawrence

Five years after the death of English writer David Herbert Lawrence (1885-1930), his widow Frieda Lawrence decided that the remains of her husband, who was buried in France, are dug up and cremated so that they can be moved and rest in Taos, New Mexico – according to Lawrence’s wish before he died.

She assigned that job to her new lover, Angelo Ravagli. Frieda's new companion did what his loved one asked of him.

However, several years later, Ravagli admitted that he felt very uncomfortable carrying Lawrence’s urn from Europe so he sold his ashes already in France.

Whose ashes did he brought to New Mexico?

He had no idea. He bought the urn with someone’s ashes in New York.

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Tuesday, June 07, 2011

Fake library – Charles Dickens

Before he moved to his country home, Gads Hill Place, Charles Dickens (1812-1870) made a draft of a secret door that led to a secret chamber, which he chose to be his workroom.

The secret door was actually a fake library, whose shelves, as well as books, were fake.   While making this mask for the door, Dickens also devised a series of humorous book titles, which occupied the false shelves.

Here are some of those titles: Hansard's Guide to Refreshing Sleep, History of a Short Chancery Suit (in twenty-one volumes), Socrates on Wedlock, King Henry the Eighth's Evidences of Christianity, the series The Wisdom of Our Ancestors: I Ignorance, II Superstition, III The Block, IV The Stake, V The Rack, VI Dirt, and VII Disease.

Among those humorous titles there was also a very narrow dummy volume entitled The Virtues of Our Ancestors.
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Sunday, June 05, 2011

Note from an editor – Charles Dickens

While he was an editor of the weekly magazine “Household Words”, famous English writer Charles Dickens (1812 - 1870) received a poem from a young poet with a request to publish it.

Poem’s title was “Orient Pearls at Random Strung”.

Dickens read it and decided not to publish it.  Since he didn’t wanted for the young poet to have to many hopes of publishing, he sent him a notice to inform him about his decision.

I regret to inform you that your poem will not be published in our magazine. Too much string. Yours, Charles Dickens.
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Saturday, May 28, 2011

Cool – Charles Dickens

The phrase "cool" is widely spread among young people everywhere in the world today.  However, not many people know that among the first who used such phrase, in terms of leaving an impression on those who are present, was Charles Dickens, in 1837.

In his novel “The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club” (also known as The Pickwick Papers), Dickens described a scene in which a coachman is holding the reins of a horse with one hand, a remarkable feat, and then, with ease, with his other hand takes out a handkerchief from his pocket, showing others how "cool" he is.

However, this phrase didn’t spread among the young until the middle of the last century. From then and on it spread mostly thanks to jazz, Charlie Parker and the movie "West Side Story" in which members of the gang the “Jets" were so "cool”...
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Theater – Giosue Borsi

During a theatrical performance in the ancient theater in Syracuse, an American tourist approached Italian writer Giosue Borsi (1888-1915). The tourist was deeply impressed with the theatrical performance, as well as with the amphitheater.

We in America have also a theater such as this one“ – the tourist exclaimed proudly. „What do you think, how much time do we need to build such a structure?“ – he asked the writer.

Well ... about two thousand years.” - Giosue Borsi answered.
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Saturday, April 16, 2011

Literary compliment – Mark Twain and Edgar Allan Poe

Works of American writer Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) were not very well received at the time when Poe was alive. Poe's stories and poems were especially despised by writer and journalist Mark Twain (1835-1910) who once in a letter to his friend wrote:

To me his prose is unreadable—like Jane Austin’s. No, there is a difference. I could read his prose on salary, but not Jane’s. Jane is entirely impossible. It seems a great pity that they allowed her to die a natural death.

Another thing: you grant that God and circumstances sinned against Poe, but you also grant that he sinned against himself—a thing which he couldn’t do and didn’t do.
 

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Saturday, April 09, 2011

Waiting for “Waiting for Godot” – Samuel Beckett and Barney Rosset

When Samuel Beckett (1906-1989), Irish writer who was awarded with Nobel Prize for Literature, wrote his play "Waiting for Godot" in 1952, Barney Rosset, founder of the publishing house "Grove Press”, reluctantly approved the printing of thousand copies of that books.

He thought that publishing of Beckett’s play would be a total failure.

In the beginning, it was indeed like that. In the first year, less than 400 copies were sold. They were mainly bought by Beckett himself, who then gave those copies of “Waiting for Godot” to his friends, as a gift.


But then the play premiered on the Broadway. It was on the program for just six weeks. The critics have written that it is a pure Communist propaganda... However, after that, readers have begun to buy the book.


In just a short period, the suspicious Barney Rosset realized that he sold over two million copies of "Waiting for Godot".

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Friday, April 08, 2011

Too long – Antoine de Rivarol

French writer Antoine de Rivarol (1753-1801) was once asked by a mediocre poet what he thought of a couplet that the poet just wrote.

"Great song, “said Antoine de Rivarol, "but I think that it’s too long.”
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Thursday, April 07, 2011

German opera – Evelyn Waugh

When in June 1941 famous English writer Evelyn Waugh (1903-1966) returned from Greek battlefield, where he participated in the battle for Crete as a British soldier, he was asked to describe his first war experience.

Everyone expected an extensive report. However, Evelyn Waugh was brief. He wrote only this:

War is like German opera, too long and too loud
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Friday, March 25, 2011

Artistic vanity – Gore Vidal

After one international meeting of writers in Sofia (Bulgaria), British novelist Anthony Powell (1905-2000) was surprised when he saw that American writer Gore Vidal (1925) is curiously flipping through Bulgarian daily newspapers searching for culture articles.

- Here I am! I knew it! - enthusiastically shouted Vidal.

When he saw that Powell was staring at him with puzzled look, Vidal explained to him what was going on:

- I just love it when my picture comes out in some newspaper. That is why I always sit down next to a man wearing a turban. Photographers always take pictures of them. The same happened here. I was sitting next to a writer from India – and they took picture of me.
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Monday, February 21, 2011

Paradise Lost – John Milton

 When he was sixty years old, famous English poet John Milton (1608-1674) completely lost his sight, and fell into extreme poverty.

To get some money, in 1669 he sold the publishing rights of his epic poem "Paradise Lost" to London printer and bookseller Samuel Simmons, for just ten pounds. Five pounds immediately, and five pounds after the sale of three editions of "Paradise Lost" (four and a half thousand copies).

After her husband's death, Milton's third wife, Elizabeth, sold all publishing rights of "Paradise Lost" to the same printer – for just eight pounds.

And this skillful bookseller eventually became rich. He invested money in just one work - and that was only eighteen pounds.
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Wednesday, February 16, 2011

Oh, Melanie! – Margaret Mitchell

If we take into account all described battles that took place during the American Civil War (1861-1865), Melanie, one of the main characters of Margaret Mitchell’s novel "Gone with the Wind", was pregnant no less than twenty-one month!

When this best-seller was published, an editor of the publishing house noticed this mistake in description and told Margaret. She just shrugged and said:

- So what? After all, our Southerner's pace is slower than your Yankee.
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Monday, January 31, 2011

Bird brain – Ethel Smyth

When Mrs. Ethel Smyth (1858-1944), composer and famous English feminist, was invited to dinner by writer Virginia Woolf and her husband, she decided to come to their home – on a bicycle.

Since she was supposed to travel about 30 kilometers on a bike, to reach the house of Leonard Wolf, she decided to wear a tweed suit, which was not very “elegant”.

Near the house of her hosts, it occurred to her that she is maybe inappropriately dressed, because Woolfs have invited and other distinguished guests. Ethel Smyth was almost convinced that she was supposed to wear a dress and a corset.


She entered into a local rural store and asked if maybe they have corsets. Unfortunately, they didn’t.

Then, in the corner of the store, she saw a birdcage...

Half an hour later, Virginia Woolf noticed that something unusual was happening in her backyard. When she came out, she was astonished with what she saw.

Ethel Smyth was trying to get into a birdcage, instead of a corset, to reduce her waist a little bit.
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Wednesday, January 12, 2011

Don't break my illusions – Noel Coward

British playwright Noel Coward (1899-1973) loved to travel around the world. But he was not interested in cultural sights, he wanted to meet interesting people.

When Coward visited India, he didn’t go to see the famous Taj Mahal. He remained in some restaurant and chatted with locals who he just met.

"Why don’t you come along with us and visit the Taj Mahal?" his friend asked him.

I do not want to even think about that!Coward replied "I saw Taj Mahal on a box of cookies and after I've often thought about its beauty. So just go there without me and do not try anymore to break my illusions."
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Tuesday, January 11, 2011

Good performance – Sir James Matthew Barrie

Creator of "Peter Pan", English journalist and playwright Sir James Matthew Barrie (1860-1937), often attended theatrical performances of his most famous work.

During one performance of "Peter Pan”, there was a boy in Barrie’s lodge. That particular boy was continually jumping from his seat and leaning on the fence, like trying to jump into the audience.

Since the opinion of children was very precious for his writing, Matthew Barrie asked the boy:

- What did you liked the most in tonight’s performance?

 
- Tearing the program, and then throwing pieces of paper on the heads of those who sat down! - cheerfully answered a small theater aficionado.
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Sunday, January 02, 2011

Bad Luck – Mark Twain

During his fruitful life, the famous American writer Mark Twain (1835-1910) held numerous lectures in many cities of the United States. On one occasion, he was supposed to hold a lecture in certain small town that he hadn’t visited before.

Before the lecture, he went to the barbershop.  He told the owner that he wanted to be shaved and after that, he mentioned that it was his first visit to this town.

"In due time you visited our town", the barber politely said to him.

"Why is that?" Mark Twain asked.

"The famous writer Mark Twain will give a lecture this evening. You will not miss that, right?", the barber replied.

"Well, I hope that I will not ..."

"Have you bought a ticket? It will be a big crowd."

"No, I haven’t yet ..."

"Unfortunately, they are all sold out. You will have to stand."

"I have bad luck,” sighed Mark Twain. "Whenever he is holding a lecture, I have to stand.”
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Thursday, December 16, 2010

I Am Emma Bovary! – Gustave Flaubert

In 1857, when a novel “Madame Bovary” was published, cultural community raised a voice because of too free form of description of love adultery case of Emma Bovary, lonely and unhappy wife of a doctor.

Many believed that the novelist Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880) had in mind a certain lady when he was writing the novel, so they wanted to know who was the real Madam Bovary.

Not being able to resist the insistence of onlookers, Flaubert, finally, during one literary evening, said:

- Gentlemen, now I’m going to tell you the whole truth. Madame Bovary is - myself.
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